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Timber vs Steel - What’s better?

In this article we explore some of the pro’s and con’s between timber frames and steel frames in residential construction.
Traditionally timber has been the more trusted and readily available source for the majority of residential builders.
Although today still more builders favour timber frame construction, we are seeing the gap slowly close.
Over the recent few years with the shortage of timber supply compounded by an undersupply of qualified carpenters we saw many builders needing to pivot some or all of their operations towards steel frames to keep up with the demand.
With this occurring through necessity, it’s expected that a number of builders will now continue to support steel, in part, whereas before they would have never considered. Regardless of whether your construction business uses only timber, only steel or a combination of both, we see that both play an important role in our industries future.
Steel Frame

Pros:

Strength and Durability: Steel frames offer exceptional strength and durability, making them resistant to issues such as warping, twisting, rot, and pests.

Fire Resistance:
Steel is non-combustible, providing better fire resistance compared to timber frames.

Consistency: Steel is manufactured with precise specifications, ensuring consistency in quality and dimensions.

Design Flexibility:
Steel frames allow for long spans and open-plan designs, providing flexibility in architectural design.

Speed to install: Unlike traditional timber construction, prefab steel frames are significantly quicker to erect on site, decreasing overall build times.

Cons:

Cost: Generally speaking steel frames construction can be a little more expensive however there is a strong argument that the increase is offset by nil waste and increases in productivity.

Thermal Conductivity: Steel has high thermal conductivity, which can make the building more susceptible to heat transfer unless properly insulated.

Lack of versatility: Due to the precision accuracy of these frames, it can limit spontaneous changes to the design whilst under construction.

Less installation capacity: Albeit this is changing rapidly, there are less skilled labour across Australia to service the overall market demand.

Timber Frame

Pros:

Cost-Effective: Timber frames are generally less expensive than steel frames, making them a cost-effective option for many homeowners.

Sustainability: Timber is a renewable resource, making it a more environmentally friendly option, especially if sourced from sustainably managed forests.

Insulation: Timber has natural insulating properties, providing better thermal performance and energy efficiency.

Versatility: Timber frames can be easily modified on-site, allowing for easier adjustments during the construction process.

Cons:

Susceptibility to Pests and Rot: Timber frames are more vulnerable to pests, such as termites, and are prone to rot if not properly maintained or treated.

Fire Risk: Timber is combustible and can be a fire hazard if not adequately protected.

Dimensional Changes: Timber can expand or contract due to changes in temperature and humidity, potentially causing issues such as warping or cracking.

Trade shortage: We lack the qualified trade base to continue to meet the industry’s demand.

Ultimately, the choice between steel and timber frames will depend on various factors such as budget, location, design preferences, and environmental considerations. It’s important to consult with a professional builder to determine the most suitable option for your specific project.

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